Initial commit (a clone of the jsmachines project as of v1.15.3)
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docs/c1pjs/README.md
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docs/c1pjs/README.md
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C1Pjs Documentation
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---
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C1Pjs is a JavaScript simulation of the Challenger 1P, an 8-bit 6502-based microcomputer
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manufactured by Ohio Scientific in 1978. The base configuration included 4Kb of RAM and an
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8Kb BASIC-in-ROM from Microsoft. Below is a simulation of the 8Kb model.
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[OSI Challenger C1P](/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/large/debugger/ "C1Pjs:c1p8kb:::debugger")
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More sample [C1P machine configurations](/configs/c1p/machines/) are available, as well as
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information on [customizing and embedding](embed/) your own configurations.
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### Using C1Pjs
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#### Starting the Simulator
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> Press the **RUN** or **BREAK** button to start the C1Pjs Simulator.
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> Press **C** to select a COLD START.
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> At the MEMORY SIZE prompt, press **Return** to use all available memory.
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> At the TERMINAL WIDTH prompt, press **Return** to select the default screen width.
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> Wait for the BASIC "OK" prompt before using the **Load File** button;
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this will allow the Simulator to automatically "LOAD" and "RUN" the selected program.
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> NOTE: The wide margins on the left and right sides of the screen are normal.
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The Challenger 1P's display was organized as 32 rows x 32 columns of text,
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but its video circuitry lacked a "guard band" feature, which meant that only
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about 24 characters per line, and 24 total lines, in the center of the screen
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could be seen on a typical television monitor. As a result, the ROMs avoided
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drawing outside a 24x24 area. In the window above, the top 4 and bottom 4 rows
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are automatically cropped, but the left and right sides are not, because I
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eventually want to patch the ROMs to enable 32 characters per row.
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#### Typing in the Simulator
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> The C1P normally uses only upper-case characters and expects its SHIFT-LOCK key to be locked,
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so the Simulator initially locks it, independent of your CAPS-LOCK key.
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> The C1P keyboard lacks characters found on modern keyboards such as ~ and \_.
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Unsupported keys are simply ignored.
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> Characters can be erased using the **DELETE** key instead of the documented **SHIFT-O**.
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For each character that's erased internally, an underscore is displayed.
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> Lines can be erased using the **@** key instead of the documented **SHIFT-P**.
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> The BASIC power operator can be typed using the **^** key instead of the documented **SHIFT-N**;
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for example, typing "PRINT 5^2" should display "25".
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> RUN and LIST commands can be aborted by pressing **CTRL-C**, unless the current program has
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disabled BASIC keyboard polling. Use the BASIC command "POKE 530,0" to re-enable BASIC keyboard polling,
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or press **BREAK** and then **W** for a WARM START.
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> Pressing **CTRL-O** disables input echo until it is pressed again;
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presumably this feature was added to prevent the display of passwords or other sensitive information.
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> If the Simulator is not responding to any keys, try clicking on the black display area to restore focus;
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if all else fails, press **BREAK** and then **W** for a WARM START.
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#### Operating Tips
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> ##### Using The Control Panel
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> > Press the **Run** button to start the Simulator; it will change to **Halt** while running.
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> > Press the **Step** button while the simulated CPU is halted to execute a single instruction;
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hold the **Step** button to step through multiple instructions.
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> > Press the **Reset** button to halt and reset the simulated CPU; screen memory will be erased,
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but all other memory will be preserved, permitting a WARM START.
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> > Press the **Load File** button to load the selected BASIC program into the simulated cassette device;
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the Simulator will attempt to automatically "LOAD" and "RUN" the selected program.
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> > Alternatively, use the BASIC "LOAD" command to begin loading a program from the simulated cassette device.
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Press the spacebar at the end of the "LOAD" operation to restore keyboard control.
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> > Press the **Load Disk** button to mount the selected disk image into the simulated floppy disk drive;
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press **BREAK** and then **D** to boot from the image and load the OS-65D operating system.
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> ##### Using The Debugger
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> > A built-in Debugger is provided as part of the Control Panel.
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> > Type **?** and then **Enter** to display the list of Debugger commands.
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> > The instruction frequency ("f") and history ("p") commands collect data only while the CPU is
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running (not stepping) and one or more breakpoints have been set; set a dummy execution breakpoint
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(eg, "bp 0") to enable collection.
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> ##### Controlling The Speed
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> > The default speed of the simulated CPU is roughly 1Mhz, or one million simulated CPU cycles per second.
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> > Press the **FAST** button to allow the Simulator to run as fast as possible; press **SLOW** to return to
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the default speed of 1Mhz.
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> > Slow computers, as well as browsers with slow JavaScript interpreters, may not be able to achieve 1Mhz operation;
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in those situations, the speed controls will have no effect.
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### Embedding
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> Want to embed the C1Pjs Simulator on your own web page? Everything you need to know is explained [here](embed/).
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You can even launch multiple simulations on a single page; check out the C1P "Server Array"
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[demo](/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/array/).
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### Implementation
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> This computer simulation was written in JavaScript, in part to test the performance limits of web-based applications.
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The result was one of the **fastest** JavaScript implementations of a 6502-based computer simulation on the web.
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> This application uses XML to define the machine architecture, XSLT to transform the XML into HTML, and JavaScript
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to implement the simulation and bind it to the various HTML elements. The C1Pjs screen is implemented using the HTML5
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<canvas> element, so the application requires a browser that supports HTML5.
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> This application was tested with current versions of Safari, Firefox, Chrome and Internet Explorer. Somewhat less
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current versions will probably work as well, with the exception of Internet Explorer, which did not add support for
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the <canvas> tag until IE9.
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### Challenger 1P Reference Manuals
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docs/c1pjs/embed/README.md
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docs/c1pjs/embed/README.md
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Embedding The C1Pjs Simulator
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===
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[Challenger 1P](/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/embed/ "C1Pjs:c1pDemo")
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If you want to read as little as possible, then just paste the following code onto a web page:
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<div id="myC1P"/></div><div style="clear:both"></div>
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<script type="text/javascript"
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src="http://www.pcjs.org/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/c1p.js">
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</script>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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window.embedC1P(
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"myC1P",
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"http://www.pcjs.org/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/embed/machine.xml",
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"http://www.pcjs.org/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/components.xsl"
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);
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</script>
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Otherwise, read on to learn how embedding works, and how you can create your own machine configuration and customize
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its appearance.
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Step 1: Create a machine definition XML file
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---
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You need an XML file that defines a Challenger configuration, listing all the components it will contain and where
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they will be mapped into the address space.
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The order of the XML elements also determines the layout of the associated HTML elements; for example, if the
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**<keyboard>** element appears before the **<video>** element, then the keyboard controls will be
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displayed *above* the video display instead of *below*. There's an extensive set of attributes that you can add
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to any of the elements below to style and position them, including the usual *style* attribute, but at present,
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there's no documentation beyond the sample XML files and the default [XML stylesheet](/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/components.xsl).
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The example at the top of this page uses an [XML file](/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/embed/machine.xml) that looks like:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<machine id="OSI" class="c1pjs" border="1" width="272px" pos="right" padleft="16px" padright="16px" padbottom="16px">
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<computer id="c1p" name="Challenger 1P">
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<module type="cpu" refid="cpu6502" start="0x0000" end="0xffff"/>
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<module type="ram" refid="ram8K" start="0x0000" end="0x1fff"/>
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<module type="rom" refid="romNull" start="0x2000" end="0x9fff"/>
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<module type="rom" refid="romBasic" start="0xa000" end="0xbfff"/>
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<module type="video" refid="video" start="0xd000" end="0xd3ff"/>
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<module type="keyboard" refid="keyboard" start="0xdf00" end="0xdfff"/>
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<module type="serial" refid="serialPort" start="0xf000" end="0xf0ff"/>
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<module type="rom" refid="romSystem" start="0xf800" end="0xffff"/>
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</computer>
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<cpu id="cpu6502"/>
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<ram id="ram8K" size="0x2000"/>
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<rom id="romNull" size="0x8000"/>
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<rom id="romBasic" size="0x2000" image="http://www.pcjs.org/devices/c1p/roms/basic-gcpatch.hex"/>
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<rom id="romSystem" size="0x0800" image="http://www.pcjs.org/devices/c1p/roms/system.hex"/>
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<video id="video" screenwidth="256" screenheight="192" cols="32" rows="32"
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charset="http://www.pcjs.org/devices/c1p/video/chargen1x.png" padtop="8px" padleft="8px" padbottom="8px"/>
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<keyboard id="keyboard" pos="center">
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<control type="button" class="input" binding="ctrl-c">CTRL-C</control>
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<control type="button" class="input" binding="ctrl-o">CTRL-O</control>
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<control type="button" class="input" binding="break">BREAK</control>
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</keyboard>
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<serial id="serialPort" demo="true"/>
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</machine>
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Machine configuration files can also be "self-starting" if they contain the following XML stylesheet reference at the
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top of the file:
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://www.pcjs.org/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/machine.xsl"?>
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For example, here's a self-starting [machine.xml](/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/large/machine.xml) configuration.
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After it loads, use your browser's "View Source" command and you'll see that it's very similar to the
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[XML example](/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/embed/machine.xml) above.
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Want to embed *multiple* simulators on a single page? No problem. Each **<machine>** element simply needs
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a unique *id* attribute. Take a look at [array.xml](/configs/c1p/machines/8kb/array/) for an example.
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Step 2: Make sure you have all the necessary resource files
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---
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In the above XML file, the ROM and Video components refer to additional resources:
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- 8K BASIC ROM image @ http://www.pcjs.org/devices/c1p/roms/basic-gcpatch.hex
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- 2K SYSTEM ROM image @ http://www.pcjs.org/devices/c1p/roms/system.hex
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- 256-Character Generator image @ http://www.pcjs.org/devices/c1p/video/chargen1x.png
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The URLs for those resource files can omit the server name if they're on the same server as the web page.
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The simulator will not start running until all the above resources have been loaded. Other resources, such as files
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or disk images listed by the <serial> or <disk> components, are not loaded until/unless they are selected.
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NOTE: For larger simulator windows (eg, screenwidth of 512 and screenheight of 384), use a larger image file for the charset attribute; the smaller image file will work as well, but in the process of being enlarged, it won't look as sharp.
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If you decide to include the <disk> component, you can simply link to an existing component definition XML file,
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such as samples.xml:
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<machine id="OSI" border="1" width="272px">
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<computer id="c1p" name="Challenger 1P">
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...
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<module type="ram" refid="ram32K" start="0x0000" end="0x7fff"/>
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<module type="rom" refid="romNull" start="0x8000" end="0x9fff"/>
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<module type="rom" refid="romBasic" start="0xa000" end="0xbfff"/>
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<module type="disk" refid="disk" start="0xc000" end="0xc0ff"/>
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<module type="video" refid="video" start="0xd000" end="0xd7ff"/>
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...
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</computer>
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...
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<disk ref="http://www.pcjs.org/configs/c1p/disks/samples.xml"/>
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...
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</machine>
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Step 3: Add the C1Pjs Simulator to your web page
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---
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Somewhere on your page, you need to add the following **<script>** element:
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pcjs.org/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/c1p.js"></script>
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To include the C1Pjs Debugger, use [c1p-dbg.js](/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/c1p-dbg.js) instead of
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[c1p.js](/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/c1p.js), and include some additional definitions in your machine
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definition XML file:
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<machine id="OSI" border="1" width="272px">
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<computer id="c1p" name="Challenger 1P">
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...
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</computer>
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...
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<debugger id="debugger"/>
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<panel ref="http://www.pcjs.org/configs/c1p/panels/default.xml"/>
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...
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</machine>
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The [Panel](/configs/c1p/panels/default.xml) XML file included above defines a variety of buttons and
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input/output controls that are bound to the CPU and Debugger components according to their *binding*
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attributes.
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You can also create your own XML file that defines a completely different Control Panel layout, and either
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paste it into your machine definition file, inside a pair of **<panel *id*="panel"...>** ... **</panel>**
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elements, or link to it using a single **<panel/>** element with the *ref* attribute.
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Step 4: Activate the C1Pjs Simulator
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---
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Add the following to your page's **<body>** element:
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<body onload="window.embedC1P('myC1P','embed.xml')">
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and insert a **<div id="myC1P"></div>** where you want the simulator to appear.
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The **embedC1P()** function accepts three parameters:
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- the *id* attribute of the HTML element that will contain the simulator (eg, 'myC1P');
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- the URL of your machine definition XML file (eg, 'embed.xml', since it's on the same server);
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- the URL of an XML stylesheet; unless you've created your own stylesheet, it's recommended you omit this
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parameter and use the default [XML stylesheet](/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/components.xsl).
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Step 5: Enjoy!
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---
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All I ask is that any page that embeds the simulator also includes the following attribution: a link to this
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website ([pcjs.org](http://www.pcjs.org/)) and my contact info ([@jeffpar](http://twitter.com/jeffpar)).
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If you use the default [XML stylesheet](/versions/c1pjs/1.12.1/components.xsl), attribution is automatically inserted,
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which relieves you from including it yourself.
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Feel free to copy any or all of the files listed above to your own server (it's probably better to share the server
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load, after all). Just be aware that none of these files have been frozen -- there are more features to add and
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probably still a few bugs waiting to be fixed. The advantage of copying them is that you might avoid regressions down
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the road, but the disadvantage is that you'll miss out on any changes, unless you check back periodically.
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Problems? Something I neglected to explain? Features you'd like to see added, or better yet, add yourself? You can
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reach me at either [@jeffpar](http://twitter.com/jeffpar) or [Jeff@pcjs.org](mailto:Jeff@pcjs.org).
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Thanks!
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*Jeff Parsons<br/>August 28, 2012*
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[Return to [C1Pjs Documentation](../)]
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