Starting work on disambiguating PCjs the emulator from PCjs the project/website; the emulator will become PCx86
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Jeff Parsons
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1519 changed files with 16242 additions and 6939 deletions
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---
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layout: page
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title: Multitasking MS-DOS 4.00
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permalink: /disks/pc/dos/microsoft/4.0M/
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machines:
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- type: pc
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id: ibm5160
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debugger: true
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config: /devices/pc/machine/5160/cga/640kb/softkbd/machine.xml
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autoMount:
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A:
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path: /disks/pc/dos/microsoft/4.0M/MSDOS400M-DISK1.json
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B:
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path: /disks/pc/dos/microsoft/4.0M/MSDOS400M-DISK2.json
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redirect_from:
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- /devices/pc/machine/5160/cga/640kb/dos400m/
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- /configs/pc/machines/5160/cga/640kb/dos400m/
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- /videos/pcjs/
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---
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Multitasking MS-DOS 4.00
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---
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These disk images contain the first unearthed copy of Microsoft's "multitasking" version of MS-DOS
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since its *extremely* limited release around late 1985 or early 1986. They were were discovered by the
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[PCjs Project](/docs/about/) in March 2013. More information is available at
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[Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-tasking_MS-DOS_4.0),
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[OS/2 Museum](http://www.os2museum.com/wp/?p=1769), and
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[MSDN Blogs](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/larryosterman/archive/2004/03/22/94209.aspx).
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Note: The designation "4.0M" is not an official version number; it's an internal version number used only to
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differentiate these disk images from those of the official MS-DOS 4.00 release in October 1988.
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The [IBM Model 5160](/devices/pc/machine/) machine configuration below boots MS-DOS 4.0M. To access the MS-DOS
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"Session Manager" after it's booted, tap the **Alt** key.
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{% include machine.html id="ibm5160" %}
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Additional Information From [PC DOS Retro](https://sites.google.com/site/pcdosretro/multitaskingdos4)
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---
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Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0 was a little known and separate development of DOS done in parallel with the development
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of DOS 3.0 and 3.1 and was released in late 1985. It should not be confused with the later retail DOS 4.0 that was
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released in 1988. DOS 4.0 supported preemptive multitasking, shared memory, semaphores, advanced memory management,
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a session manager, imports, exports and a new executable format. Many of the ideas and features introduced here found
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their way into OS/2. Unfortunately DOS 4.0 was limited by the real-mode 8086 environment and the 640KB address space.
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Also programs which were not well-behaved or relied upon undocumented DOS functions would not run properly under
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DOS 4.0, particularly TSR programs. Despite these limitations Microsoft wanted to make DOS 4.0 a retail product but
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IBM at the time was not interested in such a version of DOS, instead they formed a joint development agreement with
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Microsoft which resulted in the development of OS/2 1.0. Microsoft licensed DOS 4.0 to several European OEMs including
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Goupil but it was never shipped in North America. Microsoft released an updated version, DOS 4.1 in late 1987 for
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the British company International Computers Limited (ICL). DOS 4.1 incorporated features from DOS 3.2. Like its
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predecessor, DOS 4.1 was never shipped in North America.
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List of features and differences between standard DOS and Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0:
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* based upon DOS 3.1
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* INT 21h functions 00h-62h, 83h-91h, 95h-99h
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* INT 21h functions 3300h-3302h
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* INT 21h functions 4400h-440Ch
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* INT 21h functions 4B00h, 4B01h, 4B03h, 4B04h-4B06h, 4B08h, 4B0Ch-4B0Eh
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* INT 21h functions 5D00h-5D0Ah
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* INT 21h functions 58h and 5D06h not supported
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* new INT 21h functions:
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* 61h: unknown function
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* 8301h: get/set memory partition size
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* 8400h-8402h: shared memory functions
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* 8500h-8504h: semaphore functions
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* 86h: set handle count
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* 87h: get process id
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* 8801h-8802h: unknown get/set function (handle related)
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* 89h: sleep
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* 8Ah: child wait
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* 8Bh: JOIN/SUBST
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* 8Ch: set signal handler
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* 8Dh: send signal
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* 8Eh: get/set process priority
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* 8Fh: unknown function (vector related)
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* 90h: unknown function (vector related)
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* 91h: unknown function
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* 95h: set hard error flag
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* 96h: unknown function
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* 97h: unknown function
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* 98h: unknown function
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* 99h: unknown function
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* INT 21h functions 1Fh and 32h copy the DPB to DS:BX instead of returning a pointer in DS:BX
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* INT 21h function 25h does not directly set interrupt vectors
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* device driver command codes 00h-10h (same as DOS 3.x) and 11h-16h (new)
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* new device driver command codes:
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* 11h: stop console output
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* 12h: restart console output
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* 13h: generic ioctl (same as DOS 3.2+)
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* 14h: unknown
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* 15h: unknown
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* 16h: unknown
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* SYSVARS table:
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* 00h DPB pointer (DPB length = 18h)
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* 04h SFT pointer (SFT length = 37h)
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* 08h CLOCK$ device pointer
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* 0Ch KEYBD$ device pointer
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* 10h SCREEN$ device pointer
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* 14h disk buffer size
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* 16h disk buffer chain pointer
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* 1Ah ? (always 0, CDS pointer should be here)
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* 1Eh FCB SFT pointer
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* 22h FCB keep count
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* 24h drive count
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* 25h switch character
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* 26h ? (code pointer)
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* 2Ah NUL device header
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* no MCB anchor at SYSVARS-2
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* MCBs have previous MCB at 06h and next MCB at 08h (same seg as MCB = start/end of chain)
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* InDOS flag is always FFh and the critical error flag does not precede it
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* KEYBD$ and SCREEN$ in addition to CON
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* no INT 28h or INT 2Ah function 84h idle callout
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* no INT 2Ah critical section support
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* no INT 2Fh redirector support
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* no job file table in PSP
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* INT 12h (40h:13h) value is altered to limit session memory
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* CONFIG.SYS commands: BREAK, BUFFERS, COUNTRY, DEVICE, FCBS, FILES, LASTDRIVE, SHELL (same as DOS 3.1)
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* additional internal commands: CALL, DETACH (DET), ENDLOCAL, EXTPROC, MEMSET, SETLOCAL
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* NE format executables supported
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* no PSP created for NE executables
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* DOSCALLS exported function names:
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* 01 ALLOCSEG
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* 02 REALLOCSEG
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* 03 FREESEG
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* 04 LOCKSEG
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* 05 UNLOCKSEG
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* 06 GETSEGSIZE
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* 07 GETDSHANDLE
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* 08 CRITENTER
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* 09 CRITLEAVE
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* 0A FCRITENTER
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* 0B FCRITLEAVE
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* 0C PBLOCK
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* 0D PRUN
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* 0E SUBSCREEN
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* 0F GETPIDS
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* 10 DOSDISCARDCODE
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* 11 DOSGETHANDLE
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* 12 DOSHANDLEJUMP
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