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book-index.html

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 <DD>viewing variance, 1249 
 </DL>
 <DD>moving models in 3-D drawings, 1212-1222 
-<DD>painter&#146;s algorithm, 1099, 1104-1105 
+<DD>painter&rsquo;s algorithm, 1099, 1104-1105 
 <DD>perspective correctness problem, 1248-1250 
 <DD>portals, and beam trees, 1188 
 <DD>projection 
@@ -262,10 +262,10 @@
 </DL>
 <DD>256-color modes 
 <DL>
-<DD><I>See also</I> 320&#215;400 256-color mode. 
+<DD><I>See also</I> 320x400 256-color mode. 
 <DD>DAC settings, 629 
 <DD>mapping RGB model to, 1036, <B>1037-1038,</B> 1039 
-<DD>resolution, 360&#215;480 256-color mode, 619-620 
+<DD>resolution, 360x480 256-color mode, 619-620 
 </DL>
 <DD>286 processor 
 <DL>
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@
 <DD>stack pointer alignment, 218-219 
 <DD>system wait states, 210-212 
 </DL>
-<DD>320&#215;240 256-color mode. <I>See</I> Mode X. 
-<DD>320&#215;400 256-color mode 
+<DD>320x240 256-color mode. <I>See</I> Mode X. 
+<DD>320x400 256-color mode 
 <DL>
 <DD>advantages of, 590-591 
 <DD>display memory organization, 591-593 
@@ -299,16 +299,16 @@
 <DD>performance, 599-600 
 <DD>pixel drawing demo program, <B>593-598,</B> 599-600 
 </DL>
-<DD>360&#215;480 256-color mode 
+<DD>360x480 256-color mode 
 <DL>
 <DD>display memory, accessing, 621-622 
-<DD><B>Draw360&#215;480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>613-614</B> 
+<DD><B>Draw360x480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>613-614</B> 
 <DD>drawing speed, 618 
 <DD>horizontal resolution, 620 
 <DD>line drawing demo program, <B>615-618,</B> 618-619 
 <DD>mode set routine (John Bridges), 609, <B>612,</B> 620-621 
 <DD>on VGA clones, 610-611 
-<DD><B>Read360&#215;480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>614-615</B> 
+<DD><B>Read360x480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>614-615</B> 
 <DD>256-color resolution, 619-620 
 <DD>vertical resolution, 619 
 </DL>
@@ -380,8 +380,8 @@
 <DD>using 32-bit register as two 16-bit registers, 253-254 
 <DD><B>XCHG</B> instruction, vs. <B>MOV,</B> 377, 832 
 </DL>
-<DD>640&#215;400 mode, mode set routine, <B>852-853</B> 
-<DD>640&#215;480 mode, page flipping, 836-837 
+<DD>640x400 mode, mode set routine, <B>852-853</B> 
+<DD>640x480 mode, page flipping, 836-837 
 <DD>8086 processor vs. 8088 processor, 79-81 
 <DD>8088 processor 
 <DL>
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
 <DD>internal animation, 872 
 <DD>masked images, 871-872 
 </DL>
-<DD>Antialiasing, Wu&#146;s algorithm, 776-779, <B>780-791,</B> 791-792 
+<DD>Antialiasing, Wu&rsquo;s algorithm, 776-779, <B>780-791,</B> 791-792 
 <DD>Apparent motion, in animation, 1064 
 <DD><B>AppendRotationX</B> function, <B>964, 975</B> 
 <DD><B>AppendRotationY</B> function, <B>964-965, 975</B> 
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
 <DD>multi-bit rotations, 23-24 
 <DD>objectives, 28 
 <DD>optimizing instructions, 23-24 
-<DD>programmer&#146;s responsibilities, 27-29 
+<DD>programmer&rsquo;s responsibilities, 27-29 
 <DD>rearranging instructions, 418-419 
 <DD>reducing size of code, 416-418 
 <DD>stack addressing, 420 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@
 <DD>principles, 796-798 
 <DD>shearing, 813 
 </DL>
-<DD>&#147;Black box&#148; approach, and future of programming, 725-726 
+<DD>&ldquo;Black box&rdquo; approach, and future of programming, 725-726 
 <DD>Blocks. <I>See</I> Restartable blocks. 
 <DD>Borders (overscan), 555-556 
 <DD><B>BOUND</B> instruction, 221 
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@
 </DL>
 <DD>x86 family CPUs, performance, 140 
 </DL>
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s line-drawing algorithm 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s line-drawing algorithm 
 <DL>
 <DD>basic algorithm 
 <DL>
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
 <DD>potential optimizations, 705 
 </DL>
 </DL>
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s run-length slice algorithm. <I>See</I> Run-length slice algorithm. 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s run-length slice algorithm. <I>See</I> Run-length slice algorithm. 
 <DD>Bridges, John 
 <DL>
 <DD>mode set routine, 360x480 256-color mode, 609, <B>612,</B> 620-621 
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@
 <DD>beam trees, 1185-1189 
 <DD>culling to frustum, 1181-1184 
 <DD>overdraw problem, 1184-1185 
-<DD>painter&#146;s algorithm, 1099-1106 
+<DD>painter&rsquo;s algorithm, 1099-1106 
 <DD>polygon culling, 1181-1184 
 <DD>PVS, precalculating, 1188-1189 
 </DL>
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@
 <DD>Code recursion 
 <DL>
 <DD>vs. data recursion, 1108-1110 
-<DD>Euclid&#146;s algorithm, 198-199 
+<DD>Euclid&rsquo;s algorithm, 198-199 
 </DL>
 <DD>Collision detection demo program, <B>531-534</B> 
 <DD>Color 
@@ -1042,8 +1042,8 @@
 <DD>using subset of DAC, 649 
 </DL>
 <DD>Color cycling demo program, 643, <B>644-648,</B> 648-649 
-<DD>Color Don&#146;t Care register, 534 
-<DD>Color Don&#146;t Care register demo program, <B>535-537,</B> 535 
+<DD>Color Don&rsquo;t Care register, 534 
+<DD>Color Don&rsquo;t Care register demo program, <B>535-537,</B> 535 
 <DD>Color mapping demo program, EGA, <B>551-555</B> 
 <DD>Color models. <I>See</I> RGB (red, green, blue) color model. 
 <DD>Color paging, 628-629 
@@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@
 <DD>Data recursion 
 <DL>
 <DD>vs. code recursion, 1108 
-<DD>Euclid&#146;s algorithm, 200 
+<DD>Euclid&rsquo;s algorithm, 200 
 <DD>inorder tree traversal, 1108, <B>1109-1110,</B> 1110 
 </DL>
 <DD>Data register, loading DAC, 642-643 
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@
 <DD>Divide-by-N timer mode, 45 
 <DD>Division, 32-bit, 181-184, 1008 
 <DD>DMA (direct memory access), and DRAM refresh, 95 
-<DD>&#147;Don&#146;t care&#148; planes, 535 
+<DD>&ldquo;Don&rsquo;t care&rdquo; planes, 535 
 <DD>DOS function calls 
 <DL>
 <DD>overhead, 9 
@@ -1387,7 +1387,7 @@
 <DD>and 8253 timer chip, 95 
 <DD>and Zen timer, 99 
 </DL>
-<DD><B>Draw360&#215;480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>613-614</B> 
+<DD><B>Draw360x480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>613-614</B> 
 <DD><B>DrawBackground</B> function, <B>928</B> 
 <DD>Draw-buffers, and beam trees, 1187 
 <DD><B>DrawBumperList</B> function, <B>823</B> 
@@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@
 <DL>
 <DD><B>EVGADot</B> function, <B>661-662,</B> 669-670 
 <DD>optimization, 1074, 1086 
-<DD>painter&#146;s algorithm and overdraw problem, 1184 
+<DD>painter&rsquo;s algorithm and overdraw problem, 1184 
 </DL>
 <DD>single-color drawing with write mode 3, 831-832 
 <DD>speeding up, 727-729 
@@ -1469,7 +1469,7 @@
 <DD>stack addressing, 241-242 
 </DL>
 <DD>Pentium processor, 375-376 
-<DD>320&#215;400 256-color mode, 599-600 
+<DD>320x400 256-color mode, 599-600 
 </DL>
 <DD>EBP register, 257 
 <DD>Edge tracing 
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@
 <DD>wait states, 101 
 </DL>
 </DL>
-<DD>Euclid&#146;s algorithm 
+<DD>Euclid&rsquo;s algorithm 
 <DL>
 <DD>algorithm, 197 
 <DD>optimized assembly implementation, <B>200-202</B> 
@@ -1608,12 +1608,12 @@
 <DD><B>EVGADot</B> function, <B>661-662,</B> 669-670 
 <DD><B>EVGALine</B> function 
 <DL>
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s algorithm 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s algorithm 
 <DL>
 <DD>assembly implementation, 671, <B>675-677</B> 
 <DD>C-language implementation, <B>664-665,</B> 665-668, 670-671 
 </DL>
-<DD>360&#215;480 256-color mode line drawing program, <B>616-617</B> 
+<DD>360x480 256-color mode line drawing program, <B>616-617</B> 
 </DL>
 <DD>Execution times. <I>See </I>Clock cycles; Instruction execution time. 
 <DD><B>Exit_display_mode</B> function, <B>328, 329, 362</B> 
@@ -1846,7 +1846,7 @@
 <DD><B>Gcd()</B> function 
 <DL>
 <DD>brute-force approach, 195 
-<DD>Euclid&#146;s algorithm 
+<DD>Euclid&rsquo;s algorithm 
 <DL>
 <DD>code recursive approach, 198 
 <DD>data recursion approach, 200 
@@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@
 <DD>GCD (Greatest Common Denominator) problem 
 <DL>
 <DD>brute-force approach, 193-196 
-<DD>Euclid&#146;s algorithm, 197-200 
+<DD>Euclid&rsquo;s algorithm, 197-200 
 <DD>subtraction approach, 196-197 
 </DL>
 <DD><B>Gcd_recurs()</B> function, <B>199</B> 
@@ -1925,7 +1925,7 @@
 </DL>
 <DD>High school graduates in Hawaii, 991-992 
 <DD>Horizontal Pel Panning register, 442 
-<DD>Horizontal resolution, 360&#215;480 256-color mode, 620 
+<DD>Horizontal resolution, 360x480 256-color mode, 620 
 <DD>Horizontal smooth panning. <I>See</I> Panning. 
 <DD><BIG><B>I</B></BIG> 
 <DD>id Software, 1118, 1190 
@@ -2092,7 +2092,7 @@
 <DD>Latches 
 <DL>
 <DD>and bit mask, 470 
-<DD>and Color Don&#146;t Care register, <B>535-537,</B> 535 
+<DD>and Color Don&rsquo;t Care register, <B>535-537,</B> 535 
 <DD>and CPU reads, 530 
 <DD>drawing solid text, 1039-1041, <B>1042-1044</B> 
 <DD>Mode X 
@@ -2167,7 +2167,7 @@
 <DD>Line-drawing algorithms 
 <DL>
 <DD>accumulated pixels approach (Jim Mackraz), 678 
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s algorithms 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s algorithms 
 <DL>
 <DD>basic line-drawing algorithm, 655-661, <B>661-665,</B> 665-671, <B>671-677</B> 
 <DD>run-length slice algorithm, 683-693, <B>698-704,</B> 705 
@@ -2249,8 +2249,8 @@
 <DD>3-cell-per-word implementation, Game of Life, 365 
 <DD>word count program 
 <DL>
-<DD>author&#146;s implementation, 303, 304 
-<DD>David Stafford&#146;s implementation, <B>309-311,</B> 317-319 
+<DD>author&rsquo;s implementation, 303, 304 
+<DD>David Stafford&rsquo;s implementation, <B>309-311,</B> 317-319 
 <DD>WC50 (Terje Mathisen), 307 
 </DL>
 </DL>
@@ -2440,7 +2440,7 @@
 <DD>Multi-word arithmetic, 147-148 
 <DD><BIG><B>N</B></BIG> 
 <DD><B>NEG</B> EAX instruction, 222 
-<DD>Negation, two&#146;s complement, 171 
+<DD>Negation, two&rsquo;s complement, 171 
 <DD><B>Next1</B> function, <B>353</B> 
 <DD><B>Next2</B> function, <B>353</B> 
 <DD><B>Next_generation</B> method, <B>327-328,</B> <B>335,</B> 336, 337-338, <B>344</B> 
@@ -2460,13 +2460,13 @@
 <DD>Object-oriented programming, 725-726 
 <DD><B>Octant0</B> function 
 <DL>
-<DD>360&#215;480 256-color mode line drawing demo program, <B>615</B> 
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s line-drawing algorithm, <B>662,</B> 668-669 
+<DD>360x480 256-color mode line drawing demo program, <B>615</B> 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s line-drawing algorithm, <B>662,</B> 668-669 
 </DL>
 <DD><B>Octant1</B> function 
 <DL>
 <DD>360x480 256-color mode line drawing demo program, <B>616</B> 
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s line-drawing algorithm, <B>663,</B> 668-669 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s line-drawing algorithm, <B>663,</B> 668-669 
 </DL>
 <DD>Octants, and line orientations, 666-667 
 <DD>1/z sorting 
@@ -2618,7 +2618,7 @@
 <DD>Overdraw problem, VSD 
 <DL>
 <DD>and beam trees, 1185-1186 
-<DD>painter&#146;s algorithm, 1184-1185 
+<DD>painter&rsquo;s algorithm, 1184-1185 
 <DD>sorted spans, 1215 
 </DL>
 <DD>Overflow register, split screen operation, 565 
@@ -2646,9 +2646,9 @@
 <DD>memory allocation, 834, 903-904 
 <DD>overview, 444-446 
 <DD>single-page technique, 855-857 
-<DD>640&#215;480 mode, 836-837 
+<DD>640x480 mode, 836-837 
 <DD>with split screen, 836-837 
-<DD>320&#215;400 256-color mode, <B>600-605</B> 
+<DD>320x400 256-color mode, <B>600-605</B> 
 <DD>timing updates, 835-836 
 <DD>VGA mode 12H (hi-res mode), 851-855 
 </DL>
@@ -2656,9 +2656,9 @@
 <DL>
 <DD>Mode X, 924-925, <B>925-930</B> 
 <DD>split screen and page flipping, <B>820-825,</B> <B>825-830,</B> 836-837 
-<DD>320&#215;400 256-color mode, <B>600-605</B> 
+<DD>320x400 256-color mode, <B>600-605</B> 
 </DL>
-<DD>Painter&#146;s algorithm 
+<DD>Painter&rsquo;s algorithm 
 <DL>
 <DD><I>See also</I> 3-D animation; 3-D drawing. 
 <DD>and BSP trees, 1099, 1104-1105 
@@ -2835,18 +2835,18 @@
 <DD><I>See also</I> Pixels. 
 <DD><B>EVGADot</B> function, <B>661-662,</B> 669-670 
 <DD>optimization, 1074, 1086 
-<DD>painter&#146;s algorithm and overdraw problem, 1184 
+<DD>painter&rsquo;s algorithm and overdraw problem, 1184 
 </DL>
-<DD>Pixel intensity calculations, Wu&#146;s antialiasing algorithm, 778-779 
+<DD>Pixel intensity calculations, Wu&rsquo;s antialiasing algorithm, 778-779 
 <DD>Pixel values, mapping to colors, 548-551, <B>551-555</B> 
 <DD>Pixels 
 <DL>
 <DD><I>See also</I> Boundary pixels, polygons; Pixel drawing. 
 <DD>copying, using latches (Mode X), <B>905-907,</B> 908, <B>909-911</B> 
-<DD>reading (320&#215;400 256-color mode), 599 
+<DD>reading (320x400 256-color mode), 599 
 <DD>redrawing, display adapter cycle-eater, 102 
 <DD>rotating bits, 252 
-<DD>writing (320&#215;400 256-color mode), 599, 600 
+<DD>writing (320x400 256-color mode), 599, 600 
 </DL>
 <DD>Plane mask, 1074 
 <DD>Plane-manipulation demo program, <B>476-478</B> 
@@ -2862,7 +2862,7 @@
 <DD>ALUs and latches, 451-453 
 <DD>and bit mask, 465 
 <DD>capturing and restoring screens, 541-542, <B>543-547,</B> 547-548 
-<DD>and Color Don&#146;t Care register, 534-535, <B>535-537</B> 
+<DD>and Color Don&rsquo;t Care register, 534-535, <B>535-537</B> 
 <DD>fonts, in text modes, 516 
 <DD>manipulating, 443-444, 476-478 
 <DD>and Map Mask register, 471-472 
@@ -3051,9 +3051,9 @@
 <DD>Prefixes. <I>See</I> Prefix bytes. 
 <DD><I>Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics</I> (book), 934 
 <DD>Problems, quick responses to, 1166 
-<DD>Profiling, and 80&#215;87 emulator, Borland C++, 999 
+<DD>Profiling, and 80x87 emulator, Borland C++, 999 
 <DD>Program size vs. clock cycles, 28 
-<DD><I>Programmer&#146;s Guide to PC Video Systems</I> (book), 651 
+<DD><I>Programmer&rsquo;s Guide to PC Video Systems</I> (book), 651 
 <DD>Projection 
 <DL>
 <DD>defined, 1135 
@@ -3129,7 +3129,7 @@
 <DD>Raycast, subdividing, and beam trees, 1187 
 <DD><B>RCL</B> instruction, 185-186 
 <DD><B>RCR</B> instruction, 185-186 
-<DD><B>Read360&#215;480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>614-615</B> 
+<DD><B>Read360x480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>614-615</B> 
 <DD><B>Read()</B> C library function 
 <DL>
 <DD>vs. <B>getc()</B> function, 12 
@@ -3146,7 +3146,7 @@
 <DD>Read mode, 0, 521 
 <DD>Read mode 1 
 <DL>
-<DD>Color Don&#146;t Care register, 534 
+<DD>Color Don&rsquo;t Care register, 534 
 <DD>overview, 525-526 
 <DD>vs. read mode 0, 521 
 <DD>selecting, 525 
@@ -3178,14 +3178,14 @@
 <DD>code recursion 
 <DL>
 <DD>vs. data recursion, 1108-1110 
-<DD>Euclid&#146;s algorithm, 198-199 
+<DD>Euclid&rsquo;s algorithm, 198-199 
 </DL>
 <DD>compiler-based optimization, 1112-1113 
 <DD>data recursion 
 <DL>
 <DD>vs. code recursion, 1108-1110 
 <DD>compiler-based optimization, 1112-1113 
-<DD>Euclid&#146;s algorithm, 200 
+<DD>Euclid&rsquo;s algorithm, 200 
 <DD>inorder tree traversal, 1108-1110 
 <DD>performance, 1111-1113 
 </DL>
@@ -3196,7 +3196,7 @@
 <DD>3-D drawing, 934-935 
 <DD>3-D math, 1135 
 <DD>bitmapped text, drawing, 471 
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s line-drawing algorithm, 660 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s line-drawing algorithm, 660 
 <DD>BSP trees, 1114, 1157 
 <DD>circle drawing, 626 
 <DD>color perception, 625 
@@ -3356,12 +3356,12 @@
 <DL>
 <DD>redefining length of, 442 
 <DD>in split screens, 564-565, 573 
-<DD>360&#215;480 256-color mode, 619 
+<DD>360x480 256-color mode, 619 
 <DD>vertical, in texture mapping, 1084-1086 
 </DL>
 <DD><B>ScanBuffer</B> assembly routine 
 <DL>
-<DD>author&#146;s implementation, <B>301-302</B>, <B>303-304</B> 
+<DD>author&rsquo;s implementation, <B>301-302</B>, <B>303-304</B> 
 <DD>hand-optimized implementation(Willem Clements), <B>313-315</B> 
 <DD>lookup table implementation (David Stafford), <B>309-311</B>, 317-319 
 </DL>
@@ -3434,9 +3434,9 @@
 <DD>Selling ideas, 1193-1194 
 <DD>Sentinels, in linked lists, 286 
 <DD>Sequence Controller, VGA. <I>See</I> SC (Sequence Controller), VGA. 
-<DD><B>Set320&#215;400Mode</B> subroutine, 593, <B>596-597</B>, 599, <B>602-604</B> 
-<DD><B>Set320&#215;240Mode</B> subroutine, <B>881-882</B> 
-<DD><B>Set360&#215;480Mode</B> subroutine, <B>612</B>, 620-621 
+<DD><B>Set320x400Mode</B> subroutine, 593, <B>596-597</B>, 599, <B>602-604</B> 
+<DD><B>Set320x240Mode</B> subroutine, <B>881-882</B> 
+<DD><B>Set360x480Mode</B> subroutine, <B>612</B>, 620-621 
 <DD><B>Set640x400</B> function, <B>855</B> 
 <DD>Set/reset circuitry, VGA 
 <DL>
@@ -3449,7 +3449,7 @@
 <DD>and write mode 2, 501-502, 509, 515 
 </DL>
 <DD>Set/Reset register, 666 
-<DD><B>SetBIOS8&#215;8Font</B> subroutine, <B>830</B> 
+<DD><B>SetBIOS8x8Font</B> subroutine, <B>830</B> 
 <DD><B>Set_cell</B> method, <B>327</B>, <B>334</B>, <B>342</B> 
 <DD>SETGC macro, 454, 475 
 <DD><B>SetPalette</B> function, <B>783-784</B> 
@@ -3488,8 +3488,8 @@
 <DD><B>Show_text</B> function, <B>329</B>, <B>363</B> 
 <DD><B>SHR</B> instruction, 88-91, 97 
 <DD>SIB byte, 257 
-<DD>640&#215;400 mode, mode set routine, <B>852-853</B> 
-<DD>640&#215;480 mode, page flipping, 836-837 
+<DD>640x400 mode, mode set routine, <B>852-853</B> 
+<DD>640x480 mode, page flipping, 836-837 
 <DD>16-bit checksum program 
 <DL>
 <DD><I>See also</I> TCP/IP checksum program. 
@@ -3540,7 +3540,7 @@
 <DD>EGA bug, 573-574 
 <DD>horizontal panning, 574-575, <B>575-582</B>, 583 
 <DD>overview, 563-565 
-<DD>page flipping, 640&#215;480 mode, 836-837 
+<DD>page flipping, 640x480 mode, 836-837 
 <DD>registers, setting, 573 
 <DD>safety of, 585 
 <DD>split screen demo program, 565, <B>566-572</B>, 572 
@@ -3774,7 +3774,7 @@
 <DD>viewing variance, 1249 
 </DL>
 <DD>moving models in 3-D drawings, 1212-1222 
-<DD>painter&#146;s algorithm, 1099, 1104-1105 
+<DD>painter&rsquo;s algorithm, 1099, 1104-1105 
 <DD>perspective correctness problem, 1248-1250 
 <DD>portals, and beam trees, 1188 
 <DD>projection 
@@ -3896,16 +3896,16 @@
 <DD><B>XCHG</B> vs. <B>MOV</B> instructions, 377, 832 
 </DL>
 <DD>386SX processor, 16-bit bus cycle-eater, 81 
-<DD>360&#215;480 256-color mode 
+<DD>360x480 256-color mode 
 <DL>
 <DD>display memory, accessing, 621-622 
-<DD><B>Draw360&#215;480Dot</B> subroutine, 613-614 
+<DD><B>Draw360x480Dot</B> subroutine, 613-614 
 <DD>drawing speed, 618 
 <DD>horizontal resolution, 620 
 <DD>line drawing demo program, <B>615-618</B>, 618-619 
 <DD>mode set routine (John Bridges), 609, <B>612</B>, 620-621 
 <DD>on VGA clones, 610-611 
-<DD><B>Read360&#215;480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>614-615</B> 
+<DD><B>Read360x480Dot</B> subroutine, <B>614-615</B> 
 <DD>256-color resolution, 619-620 
 <DD>vertical resolution, 619 
 </DL>
@@ -3918,7 +3918,7 @@
 <DD>performance, 599-600 
 <DD>pixel drawing demo program, <B>593-598</B>, 599-600 
 </DL>
-<DD>320&#215;240 256-color mode. <I>See</I> Mode X. 
+<DD>320x240 256-color mode. <I>See</I> Mode X. 
 <DD>Time perception, subjectivity of, 972 
 <DD>Time-critical code, 13 
 <DD>Timer 0, 8253 timer chip 
@@ -3968,7 +3968,7 @@
 <DD>texture mapping, 1066-1067 
 </DL>
 <DD>TSRs, and DAC, loading, 643, 648 
-<DD>Turbo Profiler, and 80&#215;87 emulator, Borland C++, 999 
+<DD>Turbo Profiler, and 80x87 emulator, Borland C++, 999 
 <DD>12-cube rotation demo program 
 <DL>
 <DD>limitations of, 986 
@@ -4007,7 +4007,7 @@
 <DD>resolution, 360x480 256-color mode, 619-620 
 </DL>
 <DD>Two-pass lighting, 1262 
-<DD>Two&#146;s complement negation, 171 
+<DD>Two&rsquo;s complement negation, 171 
 <DD><BIG><B>U</B></BIG> 
 <DD>Unifying models, and optimization, 1110-1111 
 <DD>Unit normal of polygons, calculating, 1027-1028, 1137-1140 
@@ -4034,7 +4034,7 @@
 </DL>
 <DD><B>VectorsUp</B> function 
 <DL>
-<DD>Bresenham&#146;s line-drawing algorithm, <B>664-665</B> 
+<DD>Bresenham&rsquo;s line-drawing algorithm, <B>664-665</B> 
 <DD>360x480 256-color mode line drawing program, <B>617-618</B> 
 </DL>
 <DD>Verite Quake, 1287-1280 
@@ -4060,13 +4060,13 @@
 <DD>and nonstandard modes, 854-855 
 <DD>palette RAM, setting registers, 629-630, 631-632 
 <DD>reading from DAC, 652 
-<DD>text routines, in 320&#215;400 256-color mode, 592 
+<DD>text routines, in 320x400 256-color mode, 592 
 <DD>and VGA registers, 458 
 </DL>
 <DD>VGA clones 
 <DL>
 <DD>potential incompatibilities, 446-447 
-<DD>360&#215;480 256-color mode, 610-611 
+<DD>360x480 256-color mode, 610-611 
 </DL>
 <DD>VGA color path 
 <DL>
@@ -4077,7 +4077,7 @@
 <DD>VGA compatibility, 446-447, 610-611 
 <DD>VGA memory 
 <DL>
-<DD>Color Don&#146;t Care register, <B>535-537</B>, 535 
+<DD>Color Don&rsquo;t Care register, <B>535-537</B>, 535 
 <DD>CPU reads, 520, 526 
 </DL>
 <DD>VGA modes 
@@ -4088,7 +4088,7 @@
 <DD>mode 12H (hi-res mode), page flipping, 851-855 
 <DD>mode 13H 
 <DL>
-<DD>converting to 320&#215;400 256-color mode, 593 
+<DD>converting to 320x400 256-color mode, 593 
 <DD>overview, 515 
 <DD>resolution, 590 
 </DL>
@@ -4110,15 +4110,15 @@
 <DD>and page flipping, 444-445 
 <DD>read mode 1 
 <DL>
-<DD>Color Don&#146;t Care register, 534 
+<DD>Color Don&rsquo;t Care register, 534 
 <DD>overview, 525-526, 531 
 <DD>selecting, 525 
 </DL>
 <DD>and set/reset circuitry, 478 
-<DD>640&#215;400 mode set routine, <B>852-853</B> 
+<DD>640x400 mode set routine, <B>852-853</B> 
 <DD>split screen operations, 584-585 
 <DD>text mode, panning, 443 
-<DD>320&#215;400 256-color mode 
+<DD>320x400 256-color mode 
 <DL>
 <DD>advantages, 590-591 
 <DD>converting mode 13H to, 593 
@@ -4155,7 +4155,7 @@
 <DD>vs. write mode 3, 832, 844 
 </DL>
 <DD>Color Compare register, in read mode 1, 531 
-<DD>Color Don&#146;t Care register, in read mode 1, 534 
+<DD>Color Don&rsquo;t Care register, in read mode 1, 534 
 <DD>Color Select register, color paging, 628-629 
 <DD>Data register, loading DAC, 642-643 
 <DD>Data Rotate register 
@@ -4339,9 +4339,9 @@
 <DD>lookup table, <B>303</B>, 304, 317-319 
 <DD><B>ScanBuffer</B> assembly routine 
 <DL>
-<DD>author&#146;s implementation, <B>301-302</B> 
-<DD>Stafford, David&#146;s, <B>309-311</B>, 317-319 
-<DD>Willem Clements&#146; implementation, <B>313-315</B> 
+<DD>author&rsquo;s implementation, <B>301-302</B> 
+<DD>Stafford, David&rsquo;s, <B>309-311</B>, 317-319 
+<DD>Willem Clements&rsquo; implementation, <B>313-315</B> 
 </DL>
 <DD>as state machine, 315 
 <DD>theoretical maximum performance, 319 
@@ -4406,7 +4406,7 @@
 <DD><B>WritePixelX</B> subroutine, <B>883-884</B> 
 <DD>Writing pixels 
 <DL>
-<DD>320&#215;400 256-color mode, 599, 600 
+<DD>320x400 256-color mode, 599, 600 
 </DL>
 <DD>Wu antialiasing algorithm 
 <DL>