Normal quotes

70-07.md

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ currently raging; the observation I want to make here is that GLQuake
 uses two-pass alpha lighting, and runs very well on fast chips such as
 the 3Dfx, but rather slowly on most of the current group of
 accelerators. The accelerators coming out this year should all run
-GLQuake fine, however. It’s also worth noting that we’ll be using
+GLQuake fine, however. It's also worth noting that we'll be using
 two-pass alpha lighting in the N64 port of Quake; in fact, it looks like
-the N64’s hardware is capable of performing both texture-tiling and
+the N64's hardware is capable of performing both texture-tiling and
 alpha-lighting in a single pass, which is pretty much an ideal
-hardware-acceleration architecture: It’s as good looking and generally
+hardware-acceleration architecture: It's as good looking and generally
 faster than surface caching, without the need to build, download, and
 cache surfaces, and much better looking and about as fast as Gouraud
 shading. We hope to see similar capabilities implemented in PC
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ also avoids having to do z-buffer clearing by splitting the z range into
 two parts, and alternating between the two parts from frame to frame; at
 the same time, the z-compare polarity is switched (from
 greater-than-or-equal to less-than-or-equal), so that the previous
-frame’s z values are always considered more distant than the current
-frame’s.
+frame's z values are always considered more distant than the current
+frame's.
 
 GLQuake was very easy to develop, taking only a weekend to get up and
 running, and that leads to another important point: OpenGL is also an
@@ -53,20 +53,20 @@ levels, is written for OpenGL running on Win32, and when John needed a
 3-D texture editing tool for modifying model skins, he was able to write
 it in one night by building it on OpenGL. After we finished Quake, we
 realized that about half our code and half our time was spent on tools,
-rather than on the game engine itself, and the artists’ and level
-designers’ productivity is heavily dependent on the tools they have to
-use; considering all that, we’d be foolish not to use OpenGL, which is
+rather than on the game engine itself, and the artists' and level
+designers' productivity is heavily dependent on the tools they have to
+use; considering all that, we'd be foolish not to use OpenGL, which is
 very well suited to such tasks.
 
 One good illustration of how much easier a good 3-D API can make
 development is how quickly John was able to add two eye-candy features
 to GLQuake: dynamic shadows and reflections. Dynamic shadows were
-implemented by projecting a model’s silhouette onto the ground plane,
-then alpha-blending that silhouette into the world. This doesn’t always
+implemented by projecting a model's silhouette onto the ground plane,
+then alpha-blending that silhouette into the world. This doesn't always
 work properly—for example, if the player is standing at the edge of a
 cliff, the shadow sticks out in the air—but it was added in a few hours,
 and most of the time looks terrific. Implementing it properly will take
-only a day or two more and should run adequately fast; it’s a simple
+only a day or two more and should run adequately fast; it's a simple
 matter of projecting the silhouette into the world, and onto the
 surfaces it encounters.
 
@@ -88,33 +88,33 @@ into the mirror surface, to make the surface itself less than perfectly
 reflective and visible enough to seem real.
 
 Both alpha-blending and z-buffering are relatively new to PC games, but
-are standard equipment on accelerators, and it’s a lot of fun seeing
+are standard equipment on accelerators, and it's a lot of fun seeing
 what sorts of previously very difficult effects can now be up and
 working in a matter of hours.
 
 #### WinQuake {#Heading18}
 
-I’m not going to spend much time on the Win32 port of Quake; most of
+I'm not going to spend much time on the Win32 port of Quake; most of
 what I learned doing this consists of tedious details that are doubtless
-well covered elsewhere, and frankly it wasn’t a particularly interesting
-task and was harder than I expected, and I’m pretty much tired of the
+well covered elsewhere, and frankly it wasn't a particularly interesting
+task and was harder than I expected, and I'm pretty much tired of the
 whole thing. However, I will say that Win32 is clearly the future,
 especially now that NT is coming on strong, and like it or not, you had
 best learn to write games for Win32. Also, Internet gaming is becoming
-ever more important, and Win32’s built-in TCP/IP support is a big
+ever more important, and Win32's built-in TCP/IP support is a big
 advantage over DOS; that alone was enough to convince us we had to port
-Quake. As a last comment, I’d say that it is nice to have Windows take
+Quake. As a last comment, I'd say that it is nice to have Windows take
 care of device configuration and interfacing—now if only we could get
 manufacturers to write drivers for those devices that actually worked
 reliably! This will come as no surprise to veteran Windows programmers,
 who have suffered through years of buggy 2-D Windows drivers, but if
-you’re new to Windows programming, be prepared to run into and learn to
+you're new to Windows programming, be prepared to run into and learn to
 work around—or at least document in your readme files—driver bugs on a
 regular basis.
 
 Still, when you get down to it, the future of gaming is a networked
-Win32 world, and that’s that, so if you haven’t already moved to Win32,
-I’d say it’s time.
+Win32 world, and that's that, so if you haven't already moved to Win32,
+I'd say it's time.
 
 #### QuakeWorld {#Heading19}
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ done as a learning experience; it is not a commercial product, but is
 freely distributed on the Internet. The idea behind it was to try to
 improve the multiplayer experience, especially for people linked by
 modem, by reducing actual and perceived latency. Before I discuss
-QuakeWorld, however, I should discuss the evolution of Quake’s
+QuakeWorld, however, I should discuss the evolution of Quake's
 multiplayer code.
 
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