Normal quotes

48-01.md

@@ -6,26 +6,26 @@ Chapter 48\
  Mode X Marks the Latch {#Heading1}
 -----------------------
 
-### The Internals of Animation’s Best Video Display Mode {#Heading2}
+### The Internals of Animation's Best Video Display Mode {#Heading2}
 
 In the previous chapter, I introduced you to what I call Mode X, an
 undocumented 320x240 256-color mode of the VGA. Mode X is distinguished
 from mode 13H, the documented 320x200 256-color VGA mode, in that it
 supports page flipping, makes off-screen memory available, has square
-pixels, and, above all, lets you use the VGA’s hardware to increase
+pixels, and, above all, lets you use the VGA's hardware to increase
 performance by as much as four times. (Of course, those four times come
 at the cost of more complex and demanding programming, to be sure—but
 end users care about results, not how hard the code was to write, and
 Mode X delivers results in a big way.) In the previous chapter we saw
-how the VGA’s plane-oriented hardware can be used to speed solid fills.
-That’s a nice technique, but now we’re going to move up to the big
+how the VGA's plane-oriented hardware can be used to speed solid fills.
+That's a nice technique, but now we're going to move up to the big
 guns—the VGA latches.
 
 The VGA has four latches, one for each plane of display memory. Each
 latch stores exactly one byte, and that byte is always the last byte
 read from the corresponding plane of display memory, as shown in Figure
 48.1. Furthermore, whenever a given address in display memory is read,
-all four planes’ bytes at that address are read and stored in the
+all four planes' bytes at that address are read and stored in the
 corresponding latches, regardless of which plane supplied the byte
 returned to the CPU (as determined by the Read Map register). As with so
 much else about the VGA, the above will make little sense to VGA
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ the corresponding plane, so an individual latch can only work with every
 fourth pixel on the screen; the latch for plane 0 can work with pixels
 0, 4, 8..., the latch for plane 1 with pixels 1, 5, 9..., and so on.
 
-The latches aren’t intended for use in 256-color mode—they were designed
+The latches aren't intended for use in 256-color mode—they were designed
 to allow individual bits of display memory to be modified in 16-color
 mode—but they are nonetheless very useful in Mode X, particularly for
 patterned fills and screen-to-screen copies, including scrolls.
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ that each line of the pattern must be loaded into the latches before the
 corresponding scan line on the screen is filled. Listings 48.1 and 48.2
 together demonstrate a variety of fast Mode X four-by-four pattern
 fills. (The mode set function called by Listing 48.1 is from the
-previous chapter’s listings.)
+previous chapter's listings.)
 
 **LISTING 48.1 L48-1.C**