Normal quotes

30-01.md

@@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ one—displayed above the other on the screen—is one of the more
 intriguing capabilities of the VGA and EGA. The split screen feature can
 be used for popups (including popups that slide smoothly onto the
 screen), or simply to display two separate portions of display memory on
-a single screen. While it’s possible to accomplish the same effects
+a single screen. While it's possible to accomplish the same effects
 purely in software without using the split screen, software solutions
 tend to be slow and hard to implement.
 
 By contrast, the basic operation of the split screen is fairly simple,
 once you grasp the various coding tricks required to pull it off, and
-understand the limitations and pitfalls—like the fact that the EGA’s
+understand the limitations and pitfalls—like the fact that the EGA's
 split screen implementation is a little buggy. Furthermore, panning with
 the split screen enabled is not as simple as it might seem. All in all,
 we do have some ground to cover.
 
-Let’s start with the basic operation of the split screen.
+Let's start with the basic operation of the split screen.
 
 ### How the Split Screen Works {#Heading3}
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ start address registers, and the whole process starts over.
 
 The net effect: The contents of display memory starting at offset zero
 are displayed starting at the scan line following the specified split
-screen start scan line, as shown in Figure 30.1. It’s important to
+screen start scan line, as shown in Figure 30.1. It's important to
 understand that the scan line that matches the split screen scan line is
 *not* part of the split screen; the split screen starts on the
 *following* scan line. So, for example, if the split screen scan line is
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ at least one scan line short.
  **Figure 30.1**  *Display memory and the split screen.*
 
 So, where is the split screen start scan line stored? The answer varies
-a bit, depending on whether you’re talking about the EGA or the VGA. On
+a bit, depending on whether you're talking about the EGA or the VGA. On
 the EGA, the split screen start scan line is a 9-bit value, with bits
 7-0 stored in the Line Compare register (CRTC register 18H) and bit 8
 stored in bit 4 of the Overflow register (CRTC register 7). Other bits
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ Scan Line register (CRTC register 9).
 
 Turning the split screen on involves nothing more than setting all bits
 of the split screen start scan line to the scan line after which you
-want the split screen to start appearing. (Of course, you’ll probably
+want the split screen to start appearing. (Of course, you'll probably
 want to change the start address before using the split screen;
-otherwise, you’ll just end up displaying the memory at offset zero
+otherwise, you'll just end up displaying the memory at offset zero
 *twice:* once in the normal screen and once in the split screen.)
 Turning off the split screen is a simple matter of setting the split
 screen start scan line to a value equal to or greater than the last scan
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ Listing 30.1 then slides the split screen up from the bottom of the
 screen, one scan line at a time. The split screen slides halfway up the
 screen, bounces down a quarter of the screen, advances another
 half-screen, drops another quarter-screen, and finally slides all the
-way up to the top. If you’ve never seen the split screen in action, you
+way up to the top. If you've never seen the split screen in action, you
 should run Listing 30.1; the smooth overlapping of the split screen on
 top of the normal display is a striking effect.
 
-Listing 30.1 isn’t done just yet, however. After a keypress, Listing
+Listing 30.1 isn't done just yet, however. After a keypress, Listing
 30.1 demonstrates how to turn the split screen off (by setting all bits
 of the split screen start scan line to 1). After another keypress,
 Listing 30.1 shows that the split screen can never cover the whole
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ screen, by setting the start address to 0 and then flipping back and
 forth between the normal screen and the split screen with a split screen
 start scan line setting of zero. Both the normal screen and the split
 screen display the same text, but the split screen displays it one scan
-line lower, because the split screen doesn’t start until *after* the
+line lower, because the split screen doesn't start until *after* the
 first scan line, and that produces a jittering effect as the program
 switches the split screen on and off. (On the EGA, the split screen may
-display *two* scan lines lower, for reasons I’ll discuss shortly.)
+display *two* scan lines lower, for reasons I'll discuss shortly.)
 
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